The Aleppo Codex, the oldest Hebrew Bible in existence today, is so named because it was housed for half a millennium in Aleppo, Syria. [17], The consonants in the codex were copied by the scribe Shlomo ben Buya'a in Israel circa 920. It was regarded as the community's most sacred possession: Those in trouble would pray before it, and oaths were taken by it. The Masoretes, Tiberian grammatical experts, created nikkudim (vocalization signs) and te'amim (accents) that we still use today. "[6], The Aleppo community guarded the Codex zealously for some 600 years: it was kept, together with three other Biblical manuscripts, in a special cupboard (later, an iron safe) in a basement chapel of the Central Synagogue of Aleppo, supposed to have been the cave of Elijah. Torah and Nebi'im appear in the same order found in most printed Hebrew bibles, but the order for the books for Ketubim differs markedly. The work of Moshe Goshen-Gottstein on the few surviving pages of the Torah seems to have confirmed these claims beyond reasonable doubt. [19], The Leningrad Codex, which dates to approximately the same time as the Aleppo codex, has been claimed by Paul Kahle to be a product of the Ben-Asher scriptorium. Thus today, Breuer's version is used authoritatively for the reconstruction of the missing portions of the Aleppo Codex. Highly recommended.” —Paulo Coelho, author of The Alchemist Winner of the 2014 Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature A thousand years ago, the most perfect copy of the Hebrew Bible was written. Over a thousand years old, the Aleppo Codex currently consists of 294 pages, though it is estimated that it originally had 487 pages. It is generally agreed that Maimonides had used the Aleppo Codex, although Umberto Cassuto and Aron Dotan have doubted it.[18]. "The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 in the Western Historiography of the Crusades." The Aleppo Codex was the oldest extant Hebrew Masoretic manuscript of the Old Testament until many pages were lost during a riot in 1947. Change ). The Aleppo Codex Is The World’s Oldest Hebrew Bible. It may not be sold and it may not be defiled forever. "I will not forget your word" Psalm 119: 16, My Scottish ancestors and the Disruption of 1843. The Aleppo Codex Online. [13], The missing leaves are a subject of fierce controversy. high resolution (number 263 in the database), contains most of the manuscript but missing parts of some books. Maimonides knew and referred to the Aleppo Codex. The Codex contained the entirety of the Hebrew Bible. Our tradition says the Aleppo Codex was proofread, read, and vocalized by Aaron Ben Asher. [14][14] This finally gave scholars the chance to examine it and consider the claims that it is indeed the manuscript referred to by Maimonides. A New Hebrew Bible: the Aleppo Codex. Paul Kahle, when revising the text of the Biblia Hebraica in the 1920s, tried and failed to obtain a photographic copy. The codex, however, stayed in Jerusalem until the latter part of that century. The text was then verified, vocalized, and provided with Masoretic notes by Aaron ben Asher. [4] After the Fall of Jerusalem (1099) during the First Crusade, the Crusaders held the codex and other holy works for ransom (along with Jewish survivors). Authoritative … Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles. The Codex had a … It is believed by many to be the most authoritative copy of the Hebrew Bible in the masorah tradition. However, the community limited direct observation of the manuscript by outsiders, especially by scholars in modern times. The codex, also known as the Crown of Aleppo, was written by scribes called Masoretes in Tiberias, Israel, around 930 C.E. Arab mobs in Syria were once again looting, burning, murdering and raping local Jews under the aegis of their, government’s anti-Zionism campaign. It is a great thriller, a fascinating piece of history, a captivating human drama and a beautiful study of religion and politics which will appeal to atheists and the apolitical alike.” —Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Brisbane Was the original Bible written in Aramaic or Hebrew Where. in, Goitein: pp. According to tradition- and in the opinion of the biblical scholar and linguist, Moshe Goshen-Gottstein- the renowned Jewish philosopher and rabbinic authority, Maimonides (1138-1204), relied on the Aleppo Codex when he … The codex was written in the 10th century C.E., and was endorsed for its accuracy by Maimonides. 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