[48], On April 16, 1981, Shakur was allegedly in the back seat of a van connected with a burglary. Shakur later wrote that teachers seemed surprised when she answered a question in class, as if not expecting black people to be intelligent and engaged. ", Seedman, Albert and Peter Hellman. (February 14, 1974). [39][40] Shakur was alleged to have been directly involved with the Foster and Laurie murders, and involved tangentially with the Piagentini and Jones murders. The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denied the petition and also denied Shakur an injunction against the holding of trial proceedings on Fridays. [81] The trial was delayed for a few days after Shakur was diagnosed with pleurisy. [70] Shakur admitted to carrying an identification card with the name "Justine Henderson" in her billfold the night of the shootout, but denied using any of the aliases on the long list that Barone proceeded to read. Prial, Frank J. "[12], On May 2, 1973, at about 12:45a.m.,[58] Assata Shakur, along with Zayd Malik Shakur (born James F. Costan) and Sundiata Acoli (born Clark Squire), were stopped on the New Jersey Turnpike in East Brunswick for driving with a broken tail light by State Trooper James Harper, backed up by Trooper Werner Foerster in a second patrol vehicle. Born on July 16, 1947 in Queens, New York City, Assata Shakur's age is 69. Getty Images Joanne Chesimard, or Assata Shakur, is New Jersey's most wanted fugitive for killing a state trooper and then fleeing to Cuba in 1979. Kaufman, Michael T. (February 9, 1972), "9 in Black 'Army' Are Hunted in Police Assassinations". An activist in black radical groups such as the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army, Shakur was convicted of murdering a New Jersey state trooper in 1977, but supporters helped her escape prison and take refuge in Cuba. Shakur converted to Catholicism as a child and attended the all-girls Cathedral High School, for six months before transferring to public high school. I didn't feel like no Joanne, or no negro, or no amerikan. Nehanda Abiodun, a radical black nationalist who was charged in the deadly botched robbery of a Brink's armored truck in 1981 and then spent decades as a fugitive in Cuba, a hero to would-be. [78][134][137] Of these attorneys, Kunstler, Ball, Cohen, Myers, Stern and Williams appeared in court for the turnpike trial. Shakur still frequently visited her grandparents in the south. [58] Assata Shakur walked toward the trooper with her bloodied arms raised in surrender. A student group won the right to use the lounge after a campus shutdown over proposed tuition increases. The name of Assata Shakur, a woman convicted in the 1973 killing of a New Jersey state trooper, has been used by Black Lives Matter to illustrate what the group called Cuba's "solidarity with. "[221] The bounty announcement reportedly caused Shakur to "drop out of sight" after having previously lived relatively openly (including having her home telephone number listed in her local telephone directory). I have spent many days and nights behind bars thinking about this trial, this outrage. She then joined the BLA, a loosely knit offshoot of the Black Panthers, which engaged in an armed struggle against the US government through tactics such as robbing banks and killing police officers and drug dealers.[4]. By Mirinda Crissman July 15, 2022 In honor of Assata Shakur's 75th birthday on July 16, the IAC is reprinting this slightly edited version of her open letter, first posted on Dec. 30, 2014. Her family struggled financially and argued frequently; Shakur spent little time at home. In her 320-page memoir, Shakur gave one paragraph to her marriage, saying that it ended over their differing views of gender roles. [148] Her lawyers also claimed that their offices were bugged. Assata Shakur was found guilty of the murder of both Foerster and her companion Zayd Shakur, . [232] As of April 7, 2010, the presiding judge has ruled that the issues of students' free speech and administrators' immunity from suit "deserve a trial". [62][143] Hinds' disciplinary proceeding reached the U.S. Supreme Court in Middlesex County Ethics Committee v. Garden State Bar Ass'n (1982). Assata Shakur was a member of the Black Liberation Army (BLA) which operated as an underground militant revolutionary organization in the U.S. throughout the 1970s. Hanley, Robert (November 4, 1979). negras y a sus lderes, Shakur pas cuatro aos en la crcel antes de su condena en 1977, sustentada en pruebas poco slidas. [16], After graduation from CCNY, Shakur moved to Oakland, California, where she joined the Black Panther Party (BPP). "2d Jury Here Begins Weighing Chesimard Bank-Robbery Case". [76], During an interview, Assata Shakur discussed her treatment by the police and medical staff at Middlesex General Hospital. [64] That night, the second night of jury deliberation, the jury asked Judge Appleby to repeat his instructions regarding the four assault charges 30minutes before retiring for the night, which led to speculation that the jury had decided in Shakur's favor on the remaining charges, especially the two counts of murder. [70], Shakur's defense attorneys were William Kunstler (the chief of Shakur's defense staff),[134] Stuart Ball, Robert Bloom, Raymond A. [29][30][31][32] Law enforcement officials in Atlanta, Georgia, said that Shakur and Jackson had lived together in Atlanta for several months in the summer of 1971. Waggoner, Walter H. (February 16, 1977), ". [44], As of February 17, 1972, when Shakur was identified as one of four BLA members on a short trip to Chattanooga, Tennessee, she was wanted for questioning (along with Robert Vickers, Twyman Meyers, Samuel Cooper, and Paul Stewart) in relation to police killings, a Queens bank robbery, and the grenade attack on police. [19] Shakur joined the Black Liberation Army (BLA), an offshoot whose members were inspired by the Vietcong and the Algerian independence fighters of the Battle of Algiers. A neurologist testified that the median nerve in Shakur's right arm was severed by the second bullet, making her unable to pull a trigger. [7] She lived for three years with her mother, school teacher Doris E. Johnson, and retired grandparents, Lula and Frank Hill. [138], At the post-trial press conference, Kunstler blamed the verdict on racism, stating that "the white element was there to destroy her". The FBI put out a $2 million bounty for her recapture almost 50 years ago. Between 1973 and 1977, Shakur was charged with murder, attempted murder, armed robbery, bank robbery, and kidnapping in relation to the shootout and six other incidents. Submitted by Juan Conatz on October 8, 2012. The following slightly edited article first appeared online on May 7, 2013, with the original headline, "Assata Shakur is a modern-day Harriet Tubman." . Daly, Michael (December 13, 2006). State correction officials disclosed in November 1979 that they had not run identity checks on Shakur's visitors[190] and that the three men and one woman who assisted in her escape had presented false identification to enter the prison's visitor room,[191] before which they were not searched. Mar 24, 2017 at 5:05 pm. [94] This trial resulted in a hung jury and then a mistrial, when the jury reported to Gagliardi that they were hopelessly deadlocked for the fourth time. [63] The prosecution argued that Assata had fired the bullets that had wounded Harper, while the defense argued that the now deceased Zayd had fired them. "Prosecution Rests Case on Chesimard Robbery Trial; Defendant Ejected". "Mistrial Declared in Chesimard Case as Jury Splits 11-1". [42] Robert Daley, Deputy Commissioner of the New York City Police, for example, described Shakur as "the final wanted fugitive, the soul of the gang, the mother hen who kept them together, kept them moving, kept them shooting". "F.B.I. Trooper Harper was wounded in the left shoulder, reported in "good" condition, and given a protective guard at the hospital. She later became a member of the Black Liberation Army and was involved in several Black organizing groups, including the Black Panther Party. [64][149], Trooper Harper's official reports state that after he stopped the Pontiac, he ordered Acoli to the back of the vehicle for Trooper Foersterwho had arrived on the sceneto examine his driver's license. On May 2, 1973, Assata was driving with Zayd Malik Shakur and Sundiata Acoli on the New Jersey Turnpike when New Jersey state troopers stopped them. In 1970-1981 the black liberation army was in full force. [118] Shakur and co-defendant Ronald Myers were acquitted on December 19, 1975, after seven hours of jury deliberation, ending a three-month trial in front of Judge William Thompson.[117]. She spent 6 and a half years in prison before . On April 6, 1971, Shakur was shot in the stomach during a struggle with a guest at the Statler Hilton Hotel in Midtown Manhattan. In 2005, SUNY Press released The New Abolitionists (Neo)Slave Narratives and Contemporary Prison Writings, edited and with an added introduction by Joy James, in which Shakur's Women in Prison: How We Are 1978 is featured. Patty Hearst Vintage Original 1975 FBI Wanted Poster Symbionese Liberation Army. [59][61], The stop occurred 200 yards (183m) south of what was then the Turnpike Authority administration building. The New York Clearing House Association paid for full-page ads displaying material about Shakur. [81][82] Seven other BLA members were indicted by District Attorney Eugene Gold in connection with the series of holdups and shootings on the same day,[84] whoaccording to Goldrepresented the "top echelon" of the BLA as determined by a year-long investigation. (February 20, 1974). [138] When Judge Appleby told the court attendants to "remove the prisoner", Shakur herself replied: "the prisoner will walk away on her own feet". [206][207] The book was published by Lawrence Hill & Company in the United States and Canada but the copyright is held by Zed Books Ltd. of London due to "Son of Sam" laws, which restrict who can receive profits from a book. [227], A documentary film about Shakur, Eyes of the Rainbow, written and directed by Cuban filmmaker Gloria Rolando, appeared in 1997. While serving a life sentence for murder, Shakur escaped in 1979, with assistance from the BLA and members of the May 19 Communist Organization, from the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in Union Township, NJ, now the Edna Mahan Correctional Facility for Women. [141] The New Jersey Legal Ethics Committee also investigated complaints against Hinds for comparing Shakur's murder trial to "legalized lynching"[142] undertaken by a "kangaroo court". She said that her aunt was "very sophisticated and knew all kinds of things. Shakur challenges traditional styles of literary autobiography and offers a perspective on her life that is not easily accessible to the public. In 1977, she was convicted of the murder of State Trooper Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the 1973 shootout. When a witness identified Shakur and Andrew Jackson from Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) photographs, a 13-state alarm was issued three days after the attack. "[116], Shakur was indicted on May 30, 1974, on the charge of having robbed a Brooklyn bar and kidnapping bartender James E. Freeman for ransom. The FBI circulated wanted posters throughout the New York New Jersey area; her supporters hung "Assata Shakur is Welcome Here" posters in response. [120][121] The trial was delayed until 1976,[119] when Shakur was represented by Stanley Cohen and Evelyn Williams. [20][21][22], She began using the name Assata Olugbala Shakur in 1971, rejecting Joanne Chesimard as a "slave name". Chesimard's fantasy world, complete with fabricated moniker "Assata Shakur," left a trail of death and mayhem which . [13], Shakur attended Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) and then the City College of New York (CCNY) in the mid-1960s, where she became involved in many political activities, civil rights protests, and sit-ins. Shakur's only daughter, Kakuya Shakur, was conceived during her trial[108] and born on September 11, 1974, in the "fortified psychiatric ward" at Elmhurst General Hospital in Queens,[122][170] where Shakur stayed for a few days before being returned to Rikers Island. [28] In 1987, when asked in Cuba about police allegations that the BLA gained funds by conducting bank robberies and theft, Shakur responded, "There were expropriations, there were bank robberies. Between 1971 and 1973, Shakur was accused of several crimes and made the subject of a multi-state manhunt. In 1984, she was granted political asylum by the socialist Republic of Cuba then under the leadership of President Fidel Castro. Shakur a former member of the Black Liberation Army had been injured during the shootout, which involved two other BLA members and State Troopers James Harper and Werner Foerster, the latter of which was killed. [52] After her capture, however, Shakur was not charged with any of the crimes for which she was purportedly the subject of the manhunt. [127] She was the only one of the six suspects in the robbery to be brought to trial. The film premiered at the San Diego Black Film Festival and starred Assata Shakur herself. She has been on the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list since 2013 as Joanne Deborah Chesimard and was the first woman to be added to this list. [12][10][201], In an open letter, Shakur has called Cuba "One of the Largest, Most Resistant and Most Courageous Palenques (Maroon Camps) that has ever existed on the Face of this Planet". [103] Both defendants were acquitted in the retrial; six jurors interviewed after the trial stated that they did not believe the two key prosecution witnesses. Sex: Female Race: Black Citizenship: American Scars . [184], In early 1979, "the Family", a group of BLA members, began to plan Shakur's escape from prison. Johnston, Richard H. (February 13, 1974). . Janson, Donald (February 19, 1977). [87] Shakur's aunt and lawyer, Evelyn Williams, was cited for contempt after walking out of the courtroom after many of her attempted motions were denied. [105] New Jersey Superior Court Judge Leon Gerofsky ordered a change of venue in 1973 from Middlesex to Morris County, New Jersey, saying "it was almost impossible to obtain a jury here comprising people willing to accept the responsibility of impartiality so that defendants will be protected from transitory passion and prejudice. With the questioning of Acoli, accounts by participants of the confrontation begin to differ (see the witnesses section below). 473 (D.N.J. [62] Judge Appleby also refused to investigate a burglary of her defense counsel's office that resulted in the disappearance of trial documents,[135] amounting to half of the legal papers related to her case. [51][52], According to Cleaver and Katsiaficas, the FBI and local police "initiated a national search-and-destroy mission for suspected BLA members, collaborating in stakeouts that were the products of intensive political repression and counterintelligence campaigns like NEWKILL". [78], On the charges related to the New Jersey Turnpike shootout, New Jersey Superior Court Judge Leon Gerofsky ordered a change of venue in 1973 from Middlesex to Morris County, New Jersey, saying "it was almost impossible to obtain a jury here comprising people willing to accept the responsibility of impartiality so that defendants will be protected from transitory passion and prejudice. "[159], Dr. David Spain, a pathologist from Brookdale Community College, testified that her bullet scars as well as X-rays supported her claim that her arms were raised, and that there was "no conceivable way" the first bullet could have hit Shakur's clavicle if her arm was down. [134], One prospective juror was dismissed for reading Target Blue,[153] a book by Robert Daley, a former New York City Deputy Police Commander, which dealt in part with Shakur and had been left in the jury assembly room. [165] The prosecutor was C. Richard Gibbons. Chesimard, a fugitive living in Cuba under the name Assata Shakur, was a member of the Black Liberation Army in 1973 when she shot and killed Trooper Werner Foerster during a traffic stop. [15] In April 1967, she married Louis Chesimard, a fellow student-activist at CCNY. Black Liberation activist Assata Shakur was found guilty of killing a police officer in 1977, only to escape prison two years later and become a political refugee in Cuba. "No Checking Was Done On Chesimard 'Visitors'; Identification Required of Visitors Security Review Ordered". In May 1973, Shakur and two other members of the Black Liberation Army (BLA) were pulled over on the New Jersey Turnpike by State Trooper Werner Foerster and another highway officer. - The Washington Post", "Black Liberation Army: Understanding - Monitoring - Controlling", "Joanne Chesimard First Woman Named to Most Wanted Terrorists List", "Wanted by the FBI Fugitive Joanne Deborah Chesimard", "FBI makes Joanne Chesimard the first woman to appear on most-wanted list", "Woman Shot in Struggle With Her Alleged Victim", "Death of cop Richard Rainey could have been due to 1981 shooting, could mean life in jail for shooter Abdul Majid", Jury in Chesimard Murder Trial Listens to State Police Radio Tapes, Chesimard Jury Asks Clarification of Assault Charges, Mrs. Chesimard, on Stand, Denies Having Weapon in Turnpike Shooting, Joanne Chesimard Is Acquitted In Robbery of a Bank in Queens, Doctor Testifies On Bullet Scars in Chesimard Trial, "Assata Shakur: from civil rights activist to FBI's most-wanted", Chesimard Murder Trial Opens in New Brunswick, "Raymond A. [96] Shakur was ejected following an argument with Williams, and Hilton left with her as jury selection continued. According to initial police statements, at this point one or more of the suspects had begun firing with semiautomatic handguns, and Trooper Foerster fired four times before falling mortally wounded. [38] The FBI said these included the "execution style murders" of New York City Police Officers Joseph Piagentini and Waverly Jones on May 21, 1971, and NYPD officers Gregory Foster and Rocco Laurie on January 28, 1972. Director and Others to Testify on Program Aimed at Harassing Activists". "Cuba seeks deals with US to fight terror, migrant smuggling". [43] Years later, some police officers argued that her importance in the BLA had been exaggerated by the police. [149], A total of 408 potential jurors were questioned during the voir dire, which concluded on February 14. Johnston, Richard J. [138] After Joseph W. Lewis, the jury foreman, read the verdict, Kunstler asked that the jury be removed before alleging that one juror had violated the sequestration order (see above). "Neurosurgeon's Testimony Backs Mrs. Chesimard". [195][200] In 1985, her daughter, Kakuya, who had been raised by Shakur's mother in New York, came to live with her. Revolution, the Black Liberation Army, escape from prison and seeking political refuge in Cuba- Assata Shakur writes about her life. New Jersey State Police superintendent Rick Fuentes said "she is now 120pounds of money. After the vehicle was pulled over, two men stepped out of the vehicle and opened fire on NYPD officers John Scarangella and Richard Rainey. She eventually joined both the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. ", Waggoner, Walter H. (February 14, 1977). [192], At the time of the escape, Kunstler had just started to prepare her appeal. What happens to Assata Shakur now? 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