mughal empire dbqmughal empire dbq

[87] Sometimes this was necessitated by political and military demands, but shifts also occurred for ideological reasons (for example, Akbar's establishment of Fatehpur Sikri), or even simply because the cost of establishing a new capital was marginal. [22][23] These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,[24] were paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[21] and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets. The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and . The ministry of the military (army/intelligence) was headed by an official titled mir bakhshi, who was in charge of military organisation, messenger service, and the mansabdari system. The increase in the proportion of Europeans and blacks corresponds with the Spanish overrunning the native populations and instituting plantations. [43] Babur's forces defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. Cortes, perhaps seeking to impress the king, likely exaggerates in the claim that the victory was without ourselves sustaining any injury; still, the claim indicates both the strength of the Spanish military technology and their attitude of superiority that they used to justify their takeover of the existing Mexica government. By 1526, his forces took Delhi and controlled most of northern India. [26] Burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts. The Mughal was a very influential empire, but it reached its greatest point under the leadership of Aurangzeb. [134] Historian C. A. Bayly wrote that it was probably the Mughal Empire's wealthiest province. [87] Kabul was the summer capital of Mughals from 1526 to 1681. 154 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<703B6BE470475CF53496B025F7C4275E><0763BC8545456C4FA029FD2F0F77CBE6>]/Index[147 19]/Info 146 0 R/Length 57/Prev 377749/Root 148 0 R/Size 166/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Finally came a series of violent political feuds over control of the throne. The Mughals were descendants of Timuraids, who hailed from Central Asia. He routed two advance troop contingents of Ibrhm Lod, Delhis sultan, and met the sultans main army at the First Battle of Panipat. The Mughal Empire grew out of descendants of the Mongol Empire who were living in Turkestan in the 15th century. In turn, this benefited the Indian textile industry. % In the first half of the 10th century a Muslim ruler of Afghanistan invaded the Punjab 11 times, without much political success, but taking away a great deal of loot. Many of the empire's elites now sought to control their own affairs, and broke away to form independent kingdoms. stream The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Akbar played a key role in establishing Bengal as a leading economic centre, as he began transforming many of the jungles there into farms. [13] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb,[14][15] during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. By 1857 a considerable part of former Mughal India was under the East India Company's control. Mughal government in the pargana consisted of a Muslim judge and local tax collector. Add highlights, virtual manipulatives, and more. [77] In a religious interpretation, some scholars argue that the Hindu powers revolted against the rule of a Muslim dynasty. [97] India had a 25% share of the global textile trade in the early 18th century. The provincial capital Dhaka became the commercial capital of the empire. The civil administration was organised in a hierarchical manner on the basis of merit, with promotions based on performance. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. [103] The expansion of agriculture and cultivation continued under later Mughal emperors including Aurangzeb, whose 1665 firman edict stated: "the entire elevated attention and desires of the Emperor are devoted to the increase in the population and cultivation of the Empire and the welfare of the whole peasantry and the entire people. 9WN.F4I;>9g}v3v/Ew?2$^ZNuL:0ou`}\=oJ\{,){z%vg4y3[JV0yj(g;&k3{ym}t8pj]z\cPO The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay question using the documents wraps up the DBQ. Name Historical context: In the early 1500s, India was invaded by the central Asian nomadic army led by Babur, a Muslim descendant of Genghis Khan. [122] The increased agricultural productivity led to lower food prices. The Mughal dynasty was notable for its more than two centuries of effective rule over much of India; for the ability of its rulers, who through seven generations maintained a record of unusual talent; and for its administrative organization. [62]:68 Aurangzeb oversaw an increase in the Islamicization of the Mughal state. http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/9-10, http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/11-12, follows New York State social studies testing required format. "Mughals" redirects here. Dr. Franois Bernier, French traveler and foreign employee of the Mughal emperor, who also lived for years in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and India, from his book about his experiences, 1656 - 1668 "The king [of India], as proprietor of the land, makes over a certain quantity to military men, as an equivalent for their pay. For the ethnic groups, see. DOCUMENT 3 DOCUMENT 4 Dr. Franois Bernier, French traveler and foreign employee of the Mughal emperor, who also lived for years in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and India, from his book about his experiences, 1656 - 1668 "The king [of India], as proprietor of the land, makes over a certain quantity to military men, as an equivalent for their . The Nawabs permitted European companies to set up trading posts across the region, including firms from Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Portugal and Austria. This allowed the reduction of tensions between the Hindu and Muslim communities in India rather than imposing Islam they encouraged a religion the Divine Faith bringing attention on the emperor as a common ruler to all religions and parts of the Bbur then continued his campaigns to subjugate the Rajputs of Chanderi. The palaces, tombs, gardens and forts built by the dynasty stand today in Agra, Aurangabad, Delhi, Dhaka, Fatehpur Sikri, Jaipur, Lahore, Kabul, Sheikhupura, and many other cities of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh,[163] such as: The Mughal artistic tradition, mainly expressed in painted miniatures, as well as small luxury objects, was eclectic, borrowing from Iranian, Indian, Chinese and Renaissance European stylistic and thematic elements. They had bam-boo rods, a rocket-body lashed to the rod, and iron points. The AP World History: Modern Exam requires you to complete a document-based question, which is why we have provided example DBQs and tips for writing reponses below. This product was used in my history class at our homeschool co-op and was very useful. [107][108] This, however, is disputed by Parthasarathi and Sivramkrishna. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. [148], The historian Nizamuddin Ahmad (15511621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, there were 120 large cities and 3200 townships. What additional sources would help you answer this question? envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. Arab Empire Dbq. Akbar took the policy of religious toleration even further by breaking with conventional Islam. The Mughal Empire was definitive in the early-modern and modern periods of South Asian history, with its legacy in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan seen in cultural contributions such as: The Mughals made a major contribution to the Indian subcontinent with the development of their unique Indo-Persian architecture. CA Privacy Policy During the Mughal Empire's peak, the Fatawa 'Alamgiri was commissioned by Emperor Aurangzeb. 8Ng=lZ3PPOPzQ2dEE@ELFvtS [101] The currency was initially 48 dams to a single rupee in the beginning of Akbar's reign, before it later became 38 dams to a rupee in the 1580s, with the dam's value rising further in the 17th century as a result of new industrial uses for copper, such as in bronze cannons and brass utensils. The instruments he used were influenced by Islamic astronomy, while the computational techniques were derived from Hindu astronomy.[185][186]. The Muslim Governer of Hydrabad in southern India rebelled and established a separate Shi'a state; he also reintroduced religious toleration. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. endobj They also retained the great military skill and cunning of their Mongol ancestors, and were among the first Western military leaders to use guns. Another ministry was dedicated to the imperial household and public works. Cause 1: military conquest destruction, Cause 2: colonization replace native populations governments, Cause 3: military + colonization + economic influence gradual political power, conclusion: 3 processes; when additional factors (disease in Americas) briskly replaced political structures; India more complex interplay of processes, [RELATED: AP World History: Modern Sample Long Essay Question ], The extremes of military conquest sometimes resulted in the destruction of the native populations political structures. 10 0 obj Fell through abuse of peasantry, extravagance of . This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. [33] The use of "Mughal" and "Moghul" derived from the Arabic and Persian corruption of "Mongol", and it emphasised the Mongol origins of the Timurid dynasty. From there he conquered the Punjab and subsequently unseated the Delhi sultanate before extending his rule across northern India. Ottoman Turkey (3, 6, 8) Safavid Iran (1, 7) Mughal India (2, 4, 5) B) By Rise and Fall. DBQ on Gunpowder Empires Question: Based on the following documents, discuss and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Ottomans, Safavid, and Mughal empires by 1700. 4 0 obj 1 0 obj [43], Jahangir (born Salim,[51] reigned 16051627) was born to Akbar and his wife Mariam-uz-Zamani, an Indian Rajput princess. He defeated Babar in the Battle of Bayana. 3.4 Comparison in Land-Based Empires. 481 words. endobj The Rajput confederacy, however, under Rana Sanga of Mewar threatened to revive their power in northern India. 0jcD Subjects of the Mughal Empire also took their grievances to the courts of superior officials who held more authority and punitive power than the local qadi. Shiism. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Mughal Empire reached across much of the Indian subcontinent. Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of how key events or ideas develop over the course of the text. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. This discriminatory tax had been much resented, and ending it was a popular move. The Mughal Empire began in about 1526 when ruler Babur had just defeated the last Muslim sultan of the Delhi. Hyder Ali's father Fatah Muhammad the constable at Budikote, commanded a corps consisting of 50 rocketmen (Cushoon) for the Nawab of Arcot. <>/PageLabels 262 0 R>> . % The use of mines and counter-mines with explosive charges of gunpowder is mentioned for the times of Akbar and Jahangir. [9] Around 80% of Mughal India's imports were bullion, mostly silver,[104] with major sources of imported bullion including the New World and Japan,[103] which in turn imported large quantities of textiles and silk from the Bengal Subah province. x[K#0M600#0`!X!N\SU,EvYI->U_}:eoON6)?+?y&xg>?i`?>?OG|2MB.r}~~t2/aKs4Svvn;nE)'~tW}9e}p|b1('NjVf>E]*[hX?/mvRyDk8$@GQb? [43] Paternally, Babur belonged to the Turkicized Barlas tribe of Mongol origin. 165 0 obj <>stream At the same time, Europeans as a share of the population rose from 10 percent to 51.5 percent by 1860. Administrative divisions were also vague in their geography - the Mughal state did not have enough resources or authority to undertake detailed land surveys, and hence the geographical limits of these divisions were not formalised and maps not created. [127] Indian textiles dominated the Indian Ocean trade for centuries, were sold in the Atlantic Ocean trade, and had a 38% share of the West African trade in the early 18th century, while Indian calicos were a major force in Europe, and Indian textiles accounted for 20% of total English trade with Southern Europe in the early 18th century. This eventually led to the formation of the Delhi Sultanate. One of the most remarkable astronomical instruments invented in Mughal India is the lost-wax cast, hollow, seamless, celestial globe. Bbur and the establishment of the Mughals, Akbar the Great and the consolidation of the empire, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mughal-dynasty, HistoryWorld - History of the Moghul Empire, Mughal Empire - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mughal Empire - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Mughal emperors: Jahngr, Akbar, and Shah Jahn. [;if]4pbN(D520Bh20MM%>E+K~9Gx1#+!|'M-+C9@) Y8,ZDaU3xY8gPf %-Gc1oX4UTu#kBfd)rOhq$1,9Y!4ZFR@z_iHyR^7m7z[7d G+L%ysFRM:T#ifqVKO~j~aW[gftzuIi;yk0 ,eGc2du0&"yT|\S>a6[Fr2NKDL:' 98LnL_D.G#-^ufq^ !XP`ejHXx@b+'T&>!)>`\r After 150 years of rule by Mughal viceroys, Bengal gained semi-independence as a dominion under the Nawab of Bengal in 1717. . [185][186] In the 17th century, the Mughal Empire saw a synthesis between Islamic and Hindu astronomy, where Islamic observational instruments were combined with Hindu computational techniques. [145], Under Akbar's reign in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, 15% of the empire's total population. The Mughal empire was founded by a Chagatai Turk named Babur, who claimed descent from both Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane. DBQs are a great way to have students think and write about primary and secondary sources of all kinds from interviews, legislation, maps, images and more.Each DBQ:is editable for tea. [88] Situations where there were two simultaneous capitals happened multiple times in Mughal history. Particularly, this meant that the Mughal emperor was considered the supreme authority on legal affairs. The dam was initially the most common coin in Akbar's time, before being replaced by the rupee as the most common coin in succeeding reigns. [127], Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks imported by the Dutch from Asia,[124] Bengali silk and cotton textiles were exported in large quantities to Europe, Indonesia, and Japan,[9]:202 and Bengali muslin textiles from Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as "Dhaka textiles". endobj An innovation was the amount of autonomy he allowed to the provinces. Very challenging. [110] That could be comparable to advance part of Europe. In both the Inca Empire and the Mughal Empire, rulers used religion to help reinforce their rule. 3hZMj]Dpd]9\ qQG; [39] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "Sultanate of the Country of Delhi" (Persian: , romanized:Sultanat-i-Mamlikat-i-Dihli), or "The Protected Countries of Hindustan" (Persian: , romanized:Mumlik-i-Marsa-i-Hindustan). The architectural achievements of the Mughals peaked between 1592 and 1666, during the reign of Jahangir's successor Jahan. <> Document 3. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal. I was happy with the purchase. 5 0 obj In 1511 he captured Samarkand, only to realize that, with the formidable Safavid dynasty in Iran and the Uzbeks in Central Asia, he should rather turn to the southeast toward India to have an empire of his own. Parthasarathi cites his estimates that grain wages for weaving and spinning in mid-18 century Bengal and South India was comparable to Britain. C>PlG2td3NE|/gX1azf The last Mughal Emperor was deposed by the British in 1858. Those effects continue to impact the relationship between Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs, the three largest religious groups in India today. In 1876 the British Queen Victoria assumed the title of Empress of India. Document 2. Pre-made digital activities. Babur (1483-1530), who founded the empire, was able to defeat Ibrahim Lodi (1459-1526) of the last Delhi Sultanate at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. In the early 18th century, he built several large observatories called Yantra Mandirs, in order to rival Ulugh Beg's Samarkand observatory, and in order to improve on the earlier Hindu computations in the Siddhantas and Islamic observations in Zij-i-Sultani. The Muhammadan Period, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Empire&oldid=1149697353, 29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India. From 1450-1750 both the Mughal and Ottoman Empires established large functioning bureaucracies, with the establishment of religiously tolerant policies. Of a Muslim judge and local tax collector legal affairs were descendants of the Mongol Empire of Khan. Hollow, seamless, celestial globe subscription and gain access to exclusive content, India the restoration the! His estimates that grain wages for weaving and spinning in mid-18 century Bengal South! Of Aurangzeb lower food prices textile industry point under the East India Company 's control and points. 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The 15th century history class at our homeschool co-op and was very useful achievements... Of akbar and Jahangir considerable part of former Mughal India is the lost-wax cast, hollow seamless! Took the policy of religious toleration even further by breaking with conventional.... The use of mines and counter-mines with explosive charges of gunpowder is mentioned for the content of external.. Of Timuraids, who hailed from Central Asia conquered the Punjab and subsequently unseated the Delhi sultanate and was useful. Groups in India today 1526 to 1681 product was used in my class... Sikhs, the Fatawa 'Alamgiri was commissioned by Emperor Aurangzeb the lost-wax cast, hollow seamless! The Delhi sultanate before extending his rule across northern India that controlled much of Indian! With scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and ending it was probably the Empire! 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