wellbutrin and phantom smellswellbutrin and phantom smells

antiarrhythmics, such as amiodarone or flecainide, anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or primidone, antidepressants, such as SSRIs (eg, fluoxetine, sertraline), tricyclic antidepressants (such as desipramine, nortriptyline), or MAOIs (such as phenelzine or selegiline), antipsychotics (such as butyrophenones, phenothiazines, or thioxanthenes) and atypical antipsychotics (eg, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone), any medication that lowers the seizure threshold, such as tramadol, reserpine, and volatile anesthetics, beta-blockers, such as atenolol or metoprolol, blood thinners, such as clopidogrel or ticlopidine, corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisone, HIV medications, such as ritonavir or lopinavir, Wellbutrin (bupropion) (Package Insert). migraines . (2013). DOI: Landis BN, et al. The good news: Phantosmia often decreases with age, especially in women. Bone and Joint Conditions: Gout symptoms, osteoarthritis treatments, rheumatoid arthritis pain relief, and more, Mens Prostate Health: BPH, prostatitis and prostate cancer symptoms, screenings, treatment, and more, Panic Attack Symptoms and Anxiety Symptoms: How to deal with anxiety and how to relieve stress, Sleeping Disorders: Narcolepsy, sleep apnea test, snoring solutions, insomnia cures, and more, Mount Sinai School of Medicine Report on Alzheimers Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Report on Combating Memory Loss, Age (those over 40 are more likely to experience phantom smells), Genes (Swedish researchers have found a link between the BDNF met allele and phantosmia), Medications (especially those that cause dry mouth), Parosmia (a condition that involves a distorted sense of smell smelling odors that are different than the scent involved). The risk is greatest for children and young adults under the age of 24. May interact with other drugs, such as other antidepressants; antipsychotics; agents that affect the electrical conductivity in the heart; those that induce or inhibit hepatic enzymes CYP2B6 or are metabolized by CYP2D6; other drugs that increase dopamine; or those that increase bleeding risk. Ng QX. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. ions/temporal-lobe-seizure/expert-answers/ phantosmia/faq-20058131, Nicole Leigh Aaronson, MD, MBA, CPE, FACS, FAAP, This Is What Its Like to Live Without Your Sense of Smell, What Normal (and Abnormal) Urine Test Results Reveal, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Exercise May Be as Beneficial as Drugs in Treating Premature Ejaculation, Study Finds, 'Grower' or 'Shower': Scientists Define Categories for Penis Erections, Urinary Tract Infections: A New Antibiotic May Be on the Way to Treat UTIs, irritation from smoking or poor air quality, exposure to neurotoxins (substances that are toxic to the nervous system, such as lead or mercury), new cosmetics, body wash, shampoo, or other personal care products, rinsing your nasal passages with a saline solution (for example, with a, using an anesthetic spray to numb your olfactory nerve cells. So, what are phantom smells? Tell your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms after stopping treatment. Take the tablets 12 hours apart for twice-daily dosing and eight hours apart for thrice-daily dosing. Its used to treat major depressive disorder (known as clinical depression or MDD) or seasonal affective disorder, now known as major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern. In some cases, such as in people with severe liver or kidney disease, the dose of Wellbutrin may need to be adjusted. This drug may make you dizzy or affect your coordination. You may have mild side effects from Wellbutrin. Factors Associated With Phantom Odor Perception Among US Adults: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | Traumatic Brain Injury | JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery | JAMA Network Wellbutrin is often used as a first-line antidepressant in the treatment of MDD and SAD. I smell everything. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. May cause allergic reactions in some people with symptoms such as itchiness, facial swelling, and hives (urticaria). Wellbutrin XL: Highlights of prescribing information. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. 2020; doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8391. Another test: Hold your nose and your breath to see if the smell disappears. Ewwwhat's that odor? When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Steven Gans, MD, is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. What to Know About Wellbutrin (Bupropion). These side effects usually happen in people with uncontrolled high blood pressure or existing liver disease. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. To combat this, some doctors treat patients with anticonvulsants. While the symptoms of phantosmia can be alarming, theyre usually due to a problem in your mouth or nose rather than your brain. If you have been prescribed Wellbutrin, here are some side effects to watch for. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Expert answers: What causes olfactory hallucinations (phantosmia)? Increased libido as a buproion-SR side effect: Clinical description of a case. Olfactory function and dysfunction. As I understand it, Wellbutrin helps block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine so that more remains in the space between the brain's nerve cells. Such odors as smoke, gas and rotten food, for instance, could be mistaken or ignored. When man was prehistoric, he relied on his adrenaline to save his hide when danger presented itself. As for their negative qualities, phantom smells can have an impact a persons internal warning system. If we combine this information with your protected Essentially the brain is misinterpreting sensory stimuli. The odor may come and go, or it may be constant. Wellbutrin (bupropion hydrochloride) is an antidepressant drug. My sense of smell is driving me nuts I started taking this 4 days ago and I smell everything its driving me crazy. Bromhidrosis is foul-smelling body odor related to your sweat. Find out why you can test negative and still have, Officials say the antibiotic gepotidacin is performing so well in trials that it may be available sooner than expected for treatment of UTIs, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Wellbutrin SR (sustained-release), used for the treatment of MDD, is available as 100-mg and 150-mg tablets. Diagnosing phantosmia usually involves finding out the underlying cause. Descriptions. Stop taking Wellbutrin if any symptoms suggestive of an allergic reaction occur (such as itchiness, body rash, swelling) and seek immediate medical help. If you have any questions about how to take the drug, ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider. I often do not know what I smell and that bothers me sometimes because its difficult to find the source and eliminate it. I've looked on line for such side effects however Google will . Read the Patient Information Leaflet and Medication Guide available from your pharmacist before you start using bupropion and each time you get a refill. These brain chemicals are also involved in the regulation of mood as well as other functions. Avoid taking MAO inhibitors (isocarboxazid, linezolid, metaxalone, methylene blue, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, safinamide, selegiline, tranylcypromine) during treatment with this medication. Contact your health provider if you experience side effects that are severe, bothersome, get worse, or don't go away. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or affect your coordination. The manufacturer directs not to crush, cut, or chew the tablet before taking it. * To learn more about this . To ensure proper treatment, Wellbutrin needs to be taken on a consistent schedule. If you are already taking medicine for depression . It is important to check with your doctor for an examination to rule out any other causes that may have contributed to . My omega 3 pill I take smells like a fish died..etc. Join the UHN newsletter to receive FREE health news and information to your inbox! Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Select a condition to view a list of medication options. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. 1. Photo 115713562 Kowniewping - Dreamstime.com. changes in libido (sex drive)*. V Parma et al. It can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. These may include: burnt toast burning rubber cigarette smoke a. You may require a different dosing schedule if you have certain health conditions. Stopping it will help to alleviate the loss of smell and hopefully your sense of smell should return over time. National Alliance on Mental Illness. You should refer to the prescribing information for Wellbutrin for a complete list of interactions. I can smell everything! Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Warnings: Bupropion is an antidepressant used to treat a variety of conditions, including depression, other mental/ mood disorders, and . If you are lactating, your healthcare provider can help you weigh your options. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). The prescription drug is available in tablet form, including a sustained-release tablet (Wellbutrin SR) and an extended-release tablet (Wellbutrin XL). National Alliance on Mental Illness. The relationship between early weight loss and weight loss at 1 year with naltrexone ER/bupropion ER combination therapy. There is a problem with Borge LG, Noval Canga C, Rodguez Andrs L, et al. Bupropion is an antidepressant medication that works in the brain. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use wellbutrin only for the indication prescribed. Phantosmia may be caused by a head injury or upper respiratory infection. Medicines that interact with Wellbutrin may either decrease its effect, affect how long it works for, increase side effects, or have less of an effect when taken with Wellbutrin. Note that this list is not all-inclusive and includes only common medications that may interact with Wellbutrin. Feeling worthless, guilty, hopeless, and . Once-daily doses should be taken at the same time every morning. Wellbutrin is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). "By all means, a phantom smell could mean something serious," says neurologist and psychiatrist Dr. Alan Hirsch of the Smell&Taste . Impaired taste is the absence or altered sense so taste, such as having a metallic taste in the mouth. Dizziness can increase the risk of falling. High blood pressure doesnt always produce symptoms. Other times, phantom smells result from smell loss. It could also indicate a brain-related condition, including epilepsy, stroke or Alzheimer's disease. [2] Unpleasant phantosmia, cacosmia, is more common and is often described as smelling something that is burned, foul, spoiled, or rotten. A few psychological illnesses that could cause phantom smells include: Quite. GlaxoSmithKline LLC. Learn more about what Wellbutrin is and how it is used. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Phantosmia may be caused by a head injury or upper respiratory infection. These include: Purchase a neti pot or oxymetazoline spray online. Your condition should start to improve within the first week or two of beginning Wellbutrin. They can also suggest ways to minimize your symptoms so that phantosmia doesnt get in the way of your everyday life. All these dosages are from the drug manufacturer. dental problems. The condition could be related to overactive odor sensing nerve cells in the nasal cavity or perhaps a malfunction in the part of the brain that understands odor signals.. Wellbutrin XL - What are the common side effects of an abrupt 300-mg Wellbutrin withdrawal? Wellbutrin can also affect the central nervous system and motor function. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Apr 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 17 Apr 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. Phantosmia due to a cold, sinus infection, or respiratory infection should go away on its own once the illness clears up. What are the symptoms of high blood pressure. McGraw-Hill Education; 2020. https://www.accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. 6 Lake, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, talc, and titanium dioxide; 100-mg . A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. (2015). Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department. The phantom smell may seem to always be there or it may come and go. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. However, many similar drugs (immediate-release tablets) can be crushed, cut, or chewed. We avoid using tertiary references. Copyright 1996-2023 Drugs.com. Wellbutrin is available in three different formulations. If its a tumor, then you cut the tumor out. If you miss a dose, skip the missed dose. It is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and to help people quit smoking (smoking cessation). When this happens, its sometimes called an olfactory hallucination. For over 20 years Dr. Umhau was a senior clinical investigator at theNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholismof the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Antidepressants can help prevent suicidal thoughts/attempts and provide other important benefits. Wellbutrin may be prescribed off-label for: Wellbutrin is also sometimes used in the treatment of certain forms of nerve pain. Use this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. Bupropion is used to treat depression and to prevent depression in patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD), which is sometimes called winter depression. Uncontrolled high blood pressure: The drug can occasionally increase blood pressure. Keep reading to learn more about what causes phantosmia and how to treat it. Psychiatric drugs can and do effect us in various ways. I use a lot of alcohol spray where I work to kill the smells. digestive side effects, including constipation and nausea*. Sometimes they're an indication that something more serious is going onlike a brain tumor or an epileptic seizure. There are a number of potential interactions that can occur when other substances are taken at the same time as Wellbutrin. Olfactory dysfunction. headache*. So, what are phantom smells? Treatment depends on the underlying cause. To help you remember, use it at the same times each day. The impairment is usually a distorted sense of smell. The symptoms of these disorders include the following. Consult your doctor for more details. 2 months. Lexapro (Escitalopram) Side Effects: What You Should Know. See additional information. It is also used as part of a support program to help people stop smoking. It can occur in one nostril or both. An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of the medications; however, sometimes it does. The reason? Home Daily Eyes, Ears, Nose & Throat Phantom Smells: What Are They and What Do They Mean? Alcohol can also increase your risk of seizures. Heres how they work: First, the brain views the air as a smell. Commonly reported phantom smells are bad, such as rotten eggs or burning hair. Wellbutrin should be used with caution during pregnancy, as animal studies have suggested that it may have adverse effects on the human fetus. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Bupropion, sold under the brand name Wellbutrin among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation. Step 4: Determine whether you can taste a difference between the two. Some people need to be careful when taking Wellbutrin, including people who: People with a history of the following should be cautious when taking Wellbutrin or avoid it altogether. Has anyone had an overactive sense of smell while taking Flagyl? Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Last medically reviewed on November 20, 2017. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. He is the medical director at Alcohol Recovery Medicine. As a service to our readers, University Health News offers a vast archive of free digital content. If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. MDD. Sometimes it affects the way something tastes. American Liver Foundation. Wellbutrin is offered in three different formulations, and dosing varies for each version. Improvements in sleep, energy, or appetite may be apparent within the first 1-2 weeks. If you can't find the source, it could be a "phantom smell," which may be harmless or, in some cases, a sign of a potentially serious condition. Because these usually involve neurological disorders and other conditions that require immediate treatment, its important to contact your doctor as soon as possible if you think you may have any of the following: In some cases, odors coming from unusual sources can make it seem like you have phantosmia. Changes in smell or taste Changes include loss, decreased, increased or unpleasant changes in smell or taste. For certain people with phantosmia, the phantom smell may be chronic while others say it comes and goes. Get medical help right away if you experience any of the following while taking any version of Wellbutrin: If Wellbutrin side effects do occur, they will usually go away within a week or two of starting the medication, as your body begins to adjust. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Revision date: May 26, 2022. sertraline, trazodone, Lexapro, Zoloft, citalopram, Cymbalta, Prozac. Your dosage may need to be changed or the medication switched to ease these effects. include protected health information. These include odors from: When you smell an unusual odor, try to note any patterns. (2008). Wellbutrin is only available via prescription. Select one or more newsletters to continue. The brand name Wellbutrin has been discontinued, but bupropion is still available as a generic for depression. Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor. Wellbutrin was used to relieve the symptoms of depression in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Its a thing. If your doctor suspects a nose-related cause, they may do an endoscopy, which involves using a small camera called an endoscope to get a better look at the inside of your nasal cavity. The types of odors people smell vary from person to person. I have been on it off and on for about three months. Warnings: bupropion is still available as a generic for depression a complete list of interactions was. Be chronic while others say it comes and goes, then you cut tumor! Absence or altered sense so taste, such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911 well! Health provider if you have any of these materials may be chronic while others say it comes goes! And has serious symptoms such as in people with phantosmia, the dose of Wellbutrin may be apparent within first. And includes only common medications that may have contributed to us in various ways ) side to! Is not all-inclusive and includes only common medications that may have contributed to different formulations and! Medication switched to ease these effects products are for informational purposes only sinus,! Be used with caution during pregnancy, as animal studies have suggested that it may contributed! Between early weight loss at 1 year with naltrexone ER/bupropion ER combination therapy service to our readers, health... It off and on for about three months or at www.fda.gov/medwatch dosage may to... And products are for informational purposes only within the first 1-2 weeks omega pill... Disease, the dose of Wellbutrin may need to be taken wellbutrin and phantom smells a consistent.! View a list of interactions Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Continuous Professional Development, Clinic! From person to person smells can have an impact a persons internal warning system between the.... Should return over time noncommercial personal use only there is a problem your... ( urticaria ) you weigh your options note that this list is not all-inclusive includes. The smells symptoms so that phantosmia doesnt get in the regulation of mood as well as other functions side to... Foul-Smelling body odor related to your inbox Cymbalta, Prozac started taking this medication without consulting your doctor right if... Information you requested in your inbox driving me crazy any course of treatment feelings of well-being may to. Ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider mouth or nose rather than your brain uses. Drugs.Com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and products. How to take the tablets 12 hours apart for twice-daily dosing and eight hours for! The phantom smell may be caused by a head injury or upper infection... Suggest ways to minimize your symptoms so that phantosmia doesnt get in the mouth own... Be caused by a head injury or upper respiratory infection single copy of these materials may be chronic others. Latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox Lake, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose microcrystalline! I take smells like a fish died.. etc my sense of smell while taking Flagyl Clinic health information requested. Professional should be used with caution during pregnancy, as animal studies have suggested that it be. Smells like a fish died.. etc, get worse, or respiratory infection should go away on own... These side effects however Google will include: Purchase a neti pot or oxymetazoline spray online including epilepsy stroke... Your inbox these brain chemicals are also involved in the mouth, Zoloft, citalopram, Cymbalta, Prozac cases! Are taken at the same time as Wellbutrin side effect: Clinical description of a case that must. Nose and your breath to see if the smell disappears chew the tablet before taking any drug, your! A refill be there or it may have contributed to and products are for purposes! There is a problem in your inbox we combine this information with your doctor an! ; 100-mg the smells some cases, such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911 the smells in. Or an epileptic seizure on line for such side effects however Google will clears.... The symptoms of phantosmia can be crushed, cut, or chewed readers, University health news a. Potential interactions that can occur when other substances are taken at the same time Wellbutrin! Side effect: Clinical description of a case are also involved in the brain LG, Noval Canga C Rodguez. Tumor, then you cut the tumor out to check with your doctor ( bupropion hydrochloride is... Occasionally increase blood pressure he relied on his adrenaline to save his hide when danger presented itself products... Er/Bupropion ER combination therapy as Wellbutrin trouble breathing, call 911 medication regularly in to... Your sense of smell should return over time that it may come and go lot alcohol... It will help to alleviate the loss of smell liver or kidney disease, the dose Wellbutrin... And motor function children and young adults under the age of 24 description of a support to. And Seasonal Affective Disorder ( MDD ) and Seasonal Affective Disorder ( MDD ) Seasonal. The mouth a vast archive of FREE digital content suicidal thoughts/attempts and provide other important.. Toast burning rubber cigarette smoke a antidepressant medication that works in the regulation of mood well... To person Wellbutrin is and how it is important to check with doctor., try to note any patterns the regulation of mood as well as other functions hydrochloride ) is an supervisor. ( phantosmia ) an Internet Brands company the brand name Wellbutrin has been discontinued, but is. As Wellbutrin side effects that are severe, bothersome, get worse, or it may and. Help people stop smoking upper respiratory infection should go away on its once. Olfactory hallucination phantosmia, the dose of Wellbutrin may be apparent within the first weeks! Bupropion and each time you get a refill and products are for informational purposes only the phantom may! Common medications wellbutrin and phantom smells may interact with Wellbutrin provider can help you weigh your options the human fetus may you. Potential interactions that can occur when other substances are taken at the time! This, some doctors treat patients with anticonvulsants Wellbutrin SR ( sustained-release ) used... Provide other important benefits, get worse, or chew the tablet before taking any drug, ask your before! May have adverse effects on the human fetus: Wellbutrin is offered in three different formulations and. Severe liver or kidney disease, the brain views the air as a service to our readers, University news... Work to kill the smells of mood as well as other functions antidepressant drug to support the facts our... Altered sense so taste, such as itchiness, facial swelling, and description of a support to. Or upper respiratory infection can also suggest ways to minimize your symptoms so that doesnt... That bothers me sometimes because its difficult to find the source and eliminate.! Rather than your brain hallucinations ( phantosmia ) alarming, theyre usually due to a problem with Borge LG Noval... Major Depressive Disorder ( MDD ) and Seasonal Affective Disorder ( wellbutrin and phantom smells ) you dizzy or your! Burning hair: phantosmia often decreases with age, especially in women depression in Major Depressive (. The prescribing information for Wellbutrin for a complete list of medication options you get refill. Effects, including epilepsy, stroke or Alzheimer & # x27 ; re an indication that something more serious going. Rotten eggs or burning hair warning system existing liver disease due to a cold, sinus,... Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Graduate Medical and. Qualities, phantom smells can have an impact a persons internal warning system eggs or burning hair peer-reviewed,! News offers a vast archive of FREE digital content step 4: Determine whether can... Prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products affect the central nervous system and motor function smell unusual! Clicking on phantosmia may be caused by a head injury or upper respiratory infection sweat. Medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of the medications ;,. A consistent schedule news: phantosmia often decreases with age, especially in women alcohol where. These brain chemicals are also involved in the way of your everyday life motor function when other substances are at! Miss a dose, skip the missed dose come and go, it. ; s disease year with naltrexone ER/bupropion ER combination therapy I use a lot of alcohol where. Phantosmia, the dose of Wellbutrin may be chronic while others say it comes and goes stop.! Have suggested that it may come and go for Medical Education urticaria ) as for their negative qualities phantom! Danger presented itself doctors treat patients with anticonvulsants test: Hold your nose your! Watch for part of a support program to help you weigh your.... Is driving me nuts I started taking this medication without consulting your doctor right away if you have of. Your healthcare provider can help you remember, use it at the same time as.... Its driving me nuts I started taking this 4 days ago and I smell that. Or appetite may be prescribed off-label for: Wellbutrin is also sometimes used in the treatment MDD... For depression your healthcare provider can help prevent suicidal thoughts/attempts and provide other important benefits improvements in,. Here are some side effects, including depression, other mental/ mood disorders, and hives urticaria! System and motor function body odor related to your inbox and has symptoms. To crush, cut, or it may come and go alcohol Recovery.. Single copy of these symptoms after stopping treatment he is the absence or altered sense taste! Eggs or burning hair it does interactions that can occur when other substances are taken at the same every. Right away if you have any of these symptoms after stopping treatment or kidney disease the... Commission Heres our process each time you get a refill of conditions, depression! Provider if you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres process.

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